The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide are welcome to use OWL for information to assist with writing projects.
OWL has extensive examples, explanations and tutorials on all citation styles, including APA, MLA and Chicago. If you have a citation question, it's almost certain you'll find your answer on OWL.
Last Name, First Name Initial. Middle Initial. Year of Publication. Italicize book title: capitalize only the first word (no capitalization after a colon). Publisher’s name, City, State, Country.
Example: Futuyma, D. J. 2009. Evolution. Second edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
In-text citation: (Futuyma 2009)
Last Name, First Name Initial. Middle Initial. Year of Publication. If applicable provide title of chapter in book: Capitalize only first word or proper nouns. “Pages” number to number in (italicize) First initial. Middle initial. Last Name, editor(s). Italicized title of book title. Publisher’s name, City, State, Country.
Example: Abrams, P.A., B.A. Menge, and G.G. Mittelbach. 1995. The role of indirect effects in food webs. Pages 371-395 in G. Polis and K.O. Winemiller, editors. Food webs: integration of patters and dynamics. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
In-text citation: (Abrams et al. 1995)
Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. Year of publication. Title of article. Italicized Title of Journal. Volume number in bold: page or pages with no space between colon.
Example: Allison, S. D., C. A. Hanson, and K. K. Treseder. 2007. Nitrogen fertilization reduces diversity and alters community structure of active fungi in boreal ecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 39:18781887.
In-text citation: (Allison et al. 2007)
Author of website. Year. Title italicized. Publisher, city location, country location. Website address. (Include date you accessed the web material in parenthesis if required for your assignment). No period after web address.
Example: Service Argos. 2015. Argos user's manual. CLS (Collecte Localization Satelites), Ramonville Saint-Agne, France. http://www.argos-system.org (1/20/2016)
In-text citation: (Service Argos 2015)
Source: "Ecology Style: What is it?" Cal State University Channel Islands, https://www.csuci.edu/wmc/pdf/citations/wmc-guide-ecology-for-esrm100rev2.pdf
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