Communication

The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide are welcome to use OWL for information to assist with writing projects. 

OWL has extensive examples, explanations and tutorials on all citation styles, including APA, MLA and Chicago.  If you have a citation question, it's almost certain you'll find your answer on OWL.

For APA questions, check out the APA Style Blog or the APA cheat sheet from the University of Calgary.

In APA 7th edition Format:

Based on APA Style guidance.

Outline of an APA Citation for AI
       Name of Company/creator of generative AI Tool. (Year). Name of generative AI tool (Month Date version) [Large language model]. URL.

Real World Example:

       OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (June 16 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

The full transcript of a response can be included in an appendix or other supplementary materials.

In Chicago 17th edition Format:

Footnote or Endnote:

OpenAI's ChatGPT, response to query from author, February 15, 2023.

Bibliographic Reference:

Author’s (Parent Company) Medium, Response to “Query in quotes.” Name of Website, Parent Company, Date accessed, URL.

OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Response to “Explain to general audiences the possible causes and effects of climate change.” ChatGPT, OpenAI, February

15, 2023, https://chatgpt.pro/

In MLA 9th edition Format:

Guidance based on How do I cite generative AI in MLA style? from the official style website.

Outline of an MLA Citation for AI
Author/Creator. "Name of chatbot." Title of platform where accessed, Full URL, Date Accessed (optional).

Real World Example:
OpenAI. "ChatGPT." ChatGPT Pro, chatgpt.pro/, February 2, 2023.

Verbal Citations

Verbal Citations add credibility to your speeches and properly give credit to others for their work and ideas.  Mentioning ideas and facts that are not your own within your speech, without verbally citing them, is plagiarism.

Creating a Verbal Citation:
Verbal Citations shouldn't interrupt the flow of your speech.  Use an introductory phrase and keep them brief but include the important "who, what, when" details:

• author name
• author credentials
• title of work (article, book, report, etc.)
• date of work (if relevant)

Verbal Citation Examples:
"According to Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences president, Jim Bailey, ..."

"In 2014, Maureen Russell, an ethnomusicologist at UCLA, wrote ..."

Slide Citations

To cite your sources within a PowerPoint or Google Slides presentation, you should include your references or in-text citations on each slide.  In-text citations for slides are formatted the same way as in research papers. 

You can also provide citations during your presentation verbally, by providing a reference list slide at the end of your presentation with corresponding in-text citations, or combining verbal and written citations.

For any presentation, be sure your audience knows where the information, visuals, and other materials you use are from. Remember to double-check the assignment requirements and your instructor’s preferences.

Reference Slide Format:
Reference Slides are formatted the same way as Reference Pages with a few minor differences:

• Center References on the final slide.
• Single space the entries.
• Do not use a hanging indent.

For examples of presentation citations, and tips on using images in presentations, check out the Nuts & Bolts for PowerPoint blog.

Citing Indigenous Elders & Knowledge Keepers

Templates for culturally responsive citation for the variation of knowledge across indigenous communities.