NUTR 510 Capstone Research

AMA is a documentary-note style. In-text citations are numbered and the reference list is in numerical order. 

In text citations are in superscript¹ in order of citation (the first citation is 1, the next is 2, and so on).  If you use the same source again, you keep the same number. The source used for the first citation is always 1, even if it is used again after 5.

Only use surnames of the authors when mentioning them in the text. For 2 authors, use both surnames; for more than 2 authors, use the first author's surname follwed by "et al". 

Smith⁴ stated that...

Brown and Johnson⁵  suggested...

Research by Chung et al⁶ showed...

Superscript numbers

The numbers in text are in superscript¹ and occur at the end of the clause in which you used the information.

They occur outside “quotation marks,”² commas,³ (parentheses)⁴ and full stops.⁵ But, they occur inside semicolons⁶; and colons⁷:

Do not leave a space between the last letter or punctuation mark and the number.

Citing more than one work at a time

Use commas to show that more than one work is being cited, and use hyphens for several works that would be numbered sequentially:

These side effects can have implications for the patient's heart health, as numerous studies have shown.^1,3,6-9

Derived from https://libguides.jcu.edu.au/ama/in-text-citations

Your reference list should begin on a new page following the text of your paper.

Formatting Tips:

• Number references should be listed in the order they appear in the text. Do not alphabetize.

• Do not indent if the citation extends to a second line.

• Authors are listed with the last name first followed by the first and middle initials without periods. (E.g.: Windley, HA)

• Up to 6 author names should be listed. Over 6 authors, list only the first 3, followed by "et al."

• Journal titles abbreviated according to PubMed abbreviations and italicized.

• In journal titles, capitalize all major words.

• For online journals, the DOI is preferred over the URL link.

• In book titles, capitalize all major words.

• When URLs are used, ensure that they are a direct as possible and the link still functions as close to publication as possible.

Derived from https://umc.libguides.com/citations/ama

Book: 

Author(s) or Editor(s) [if editors, include ed or eds]. Book Title. Edition number [if not the first edition]. Publisher’s name; Copyright year.  Accessed date [only if using URL]. DOI or URL [if online]

Examples: 

Vieira AR.Genetic Basis of Oral Health Conditions. Springer International Publishing; 2019. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14485-2

Cameron P, Little M, Mitra B, Deasy C, eds. Textbook of Adult Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2020.

Book chapter: 

Author(s) of chapter. Title of chapter. In: Editor(s), ed. or eds. Title of Book. Edition number [if not the first edition]. Publisher’s name; Copyright year:inclusive pages. Accessed date [only if using URL]. DOI or URL [if online]

Example: 

Trabulsy P. Complementary and alternative medicine. In: Stein GS, Luebbers KP, eds. Cancer: Prevention, Early Detection, Treatment and Recovery. 2nd ed. Wiley Blackwell; 2019:499-530. doi:10.1002/9781119645214.ch27

Journal article: 

Author AA, Author BB. Title of article. Journal Abbreviation. Year;volume(issue):pp-pp. DOI

Author AA, Author BB. Title of article. Journal Abbreviation. Year;volume(issue):pp-pp. Accessed Month DD, YYYY. URL

Examples: 

Markowitz JT, & Laffel LM. Transitions in care: support group for young adults with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2012;29(4):522-525. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03537.x

Marreiros HF, Loff C, Calado E. Osteoporosis in paediatric patients with spina bifida. J Spinal Cord Med. 2012; 35(1):9-21. Accessed March 28, 2012. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22330186

Websites: 

Author(s).Title of the specific item. Name of website. [Date published] (if available). Updated [date] (if available). Accessed [date]. URL

Examples:

Rainie L. The rise of the e-patient. Pew Research Center Internet and the  American Life Project website. October 7, 2009. Accessed January 11, 2012. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2009/10/07/the-rise-of-the-e-patient-2/

Air Quality. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated June 28, 2021. Accessed July 28, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/air-quality/about/index.html

Government Publications and Reports:

Author (if available). Title. Name of governmental division. Date of publication. Page numbers (if available). Publication number (if available). Series number (if available). Accessed [date] (if applicable). Web address (if available).

Example: 

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Women on the Run: First-Hand Accounts of Refugees Fleeing El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. UNHCR: UN Refugee Agency; 2015. Accessed August 16, 2016. http://www.unhcr.org/5630f24c6.pdf 

Newspaper article: 

Name of author. Title of article. Name of newspaper. Date of publication of newspaper article online. Newspaper section (if applicable). Accessed [date]. URL

Example:

Austin, Daryl. Cholera still kills tens of thousands of people a year. Are you at risk? USA Today. February 16, 2025. Accessed February 21, 2025. https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/health-wellness/2025/02/16/what-is-cholera/78190488007/

Theses/Dissertations: 

Author AA. Title of paper. Dissertation. University; 2020. Accessed Month, date year. URL

Example: 

Ghanbari S. Integration of the Arts in STEM: A Collective Case Study of Two Interdisciplinary University Programs. Dissertation. University of California; 2014. Accessed October 14, 2016. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wp9x8sj

Derived from https://libguides.jcu.edu.au/ama/getting-started

AI programs should never be included in the reference list as an author or creator of content. 

"Nonhuman artificial intelligence, language models, machine learning, or similar technologies cannot be listed as authors because these technologies do not qualify for authorship." (AMA Manual, section 5.1.12)

AMA recommends you add a few sentences about your use of AI and the model. 

Acknowledgement Tips:

• Write an acknowledgement in the acknowledgement section 

• Describe how AI was used in the Methods section

• If it was used to generate ideas, maybe put it in the introduction

• If it was used to edit the paper, maybe put it in the conclusion 

AI should be used as an in-text citation only. However, there are no concrete guidelines. Below are some examples of how to incorporate AI acknowledgements in the text: 

"On August 3, 2023, I used AI to summarize five research papers, to help me determine which idea was least studied and focus my topics for this essay. I used ChatGPT, model 3.5, made by OpenAI, hosted at https://chat.openai.com/."

"The AI responses concerning topics of low and moderate seriousness were written on January 12, 2023, using the August 3, 2023, version of a large language model (ChatGPT, model GPT-4; OpenAI)."

Derived from https://libguides.usc.edu/c.php?g=1029472&p=8076397